The author examines the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church through its history of mission endeavours within Russia which laid a background for the mission to the Aleuts in Alaska. The historical and theological factors which initiated the Kodiak Mission are investigated. The unique culture of the Aleut with its balance of the world of the natural and supernatural was overpowered by the superior technology of the Russions. Orthodoxy was embraced in a rapid people movement through the missionary of ten missionary monks from Vaalim Monastery in 1794.